Naturally present in every cell, it is a peptide molecule composed of three amino acids: glutamine, cysteine, and glycine
It promotes angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor activation in tendon, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissue models [6]
KPV exerts its anti-inflammatory function inside colonic cells, which inactivates inflammatory pathways by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine genetic expression
GHK-Cu has a broader base of independent research, including several small human clinical studies in dermatological applications and commercially available topical formulations
A previous clinical trial aimed at correcting the HHcy induced by metformin in PCOS patients found that metformin did indeed significantly increase circulating Hcy and that folic acid reduced it only by 8% compared to a 21% reduction with a multivitaminic approach (B1, B6, and B12) [24]
2015 Apr 12;15:53