Conversely, in neuronal networks treated with d-lactate we observed an increase in apoptosis and cell death as compared to not treated cultures
In the intervention group, three participants were excluded: one voluntarily withdrew and two failed to adhere to the fasting diet based on the food record assessments
NMR Biomed, 2012
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In biological systems, peroxyl or alkoxyl radicals are formed by the abstraction of bis-allylic hydrogens from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
It has been also shown to upregulate mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) (Sreekumar et al., 2016), known to play a crucial role in stabilizing mtDNA through the formation of nucleoids, which are important to counteract mtDNA release (Li F et al., 2020), which serve as markers of oxidative stress (e.g., Lei and Rao, 2022)