Initial pathway-level interrogation of the metabolomics dataset using the MetaboAnalyst 6.0 platform and the MetPa enrichment tool revealed prominent alterations in bioenergetic circuits, including the TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and fatty acid elongation (Fig
when accumulated, these products are considered toxic [294]
Common signs include persistent fatigue, weakness, and pale or jaundiced skin
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When these algae experience stress such as intense sunlight, nutrient scarcity, or high salinity they begin producing astaxanthin as a shield to protect their cells from oxidative damage.16 Many marine animals feed on these algae, such as:17 Salmon Shrimp Krill Trout Flamingos These animals absorb and store the pigment in their tissues, which gives them their distinctive pink or reddish coloration.18 What makes astaxanthin compelling is that the same compound algae use to shield their cells from light, heat, and environmental stress may also help human cells withstand similar challenges
Patel V, Menezes H, Menezes C, Bouwer S, Bostick-Smith CA, Speelman DL
