Future studies on the relationship between GSH and PkmT1/2, OMPs, O-antigen, and Pat1 may reveal the mechanisms by which host nutrient sensing protects against targeting by innate immunity
Elesclomol is widely recognized to induce copper overdose and cell death (139), by acting as a copper ion carrier with a hydrophilic pore in its centre, to which Cu2+ ions can bind easily, facilitating copper entry into cells, thus increasing the intracellular copper concentration (140), and this, in-turn increases ROS levels, triggering oxidative stress (141) and ultimately cell death
Current therapies for this condition, including minoxidil and finasteride, are limited by inconsistent efficacy, side effects, and dependence on continuous use
In ARDS models, studies have demonstrated that preventing neutrophil ferroptosis can lessen tissue damage and inflammation (69)
In some embodiments, the otic formulation or composition comprises between about 0.001% to about 10% by weight of the therapeutic agent, or pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug or salt thereof
J Biol Chem, 1993