The most important feature of the PEN form: the solution is factory-prepared, with a mg/ml concentration recorded in the COA
Niacinamide discontinuation offers comparison to another well-tolerated ingredient supporting skin barrier function, reducing inflammation, and providing multiple anti-aging benefits through gentle mechanisms rather than aggressive stimulation
Made with EWG green grade ingredients only
Kojic acid reduces melanin, which helps with discolouration, dark spots, melasma, and brightening, and can be good if you have dry or sensitive skin
Standard oral pills may struggle against the "security system" of the gut, but liposomal technology provides a clever workaround
doi: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2057616 205 ZhaoJJiangPGuoSSchrodiSJHeD