Tau phosphorylation and A aggregation are possibly two interlinked mechanisms of antimicrobial protection which could be expected as the interactions between A and Tau are also connected at a molecular level via GSK-3 due to its role in the generation of the A peptide and phosphorylated Tau (Sayas and vila, 2021), a process that can be triggered by the viral stimulation of GSK-3 (Wozniak et al., 2009)
According to Jang and Surh [56] nuclear GSH may act as a transcriptional regulator of NF- B, AP-1, and p53 by altering their nuclear redox state
B12 is also involved in the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters
The combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects converge to achieve chondroprotection (Figure 2)
(PubMed) Matthews A, Haas DM, O'Mathuna DP, Dowswell T, Doyle M
Purity & Testing All components verified at 99% purity by HPLC