"Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: novel therapy in gastrointestinal tract"
Low levels of B12, especially during the first trimester, have been linked to neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida and anencephaly [*]
Key pathophysiologic mechanisms include: Mucosal barrier dysfunction: Impaired epithelial tight junctions allow bacterial translocation, triggering innate immune activation T-helper cell dysregulation: Predominantly Th1 and Th17 pathways drive chronic inflammation via TNF-, IL-12, IL-23 the basis for biologic therapy targets Transmural inflammation: Unlike UC (mucosal only), CD involves all layers: mucosa submucosa muscularis propria serosa Granuloma formation: Non-caseating granulomas are pathognomonic but present in only ~3050% of biopsies Fibrosis and stricture: Chronic inflammation activates myofibroblasts collagen deposition luminal narrowing obstructive symptoms Fistula formation: Transmural ulcers penetrate serosa form sinus tracts connect to adjacent bowel, bladder, vagina, or skin 7
In one of his dear doctor letters, he writes that there is no proof that intramuscular B12 injections are better than oral tablets, so stop treating people with B12 injections
My reconstituted BPC 157 solution is cloudy
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