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Convenience is not a substitute for legal and storage certainty

Some studies cited in a 2025 review noted that while proline can protect cells at low levels, when metabolized by the enzyme proline oxidase it produces reactive oxygen species (ROS)

doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00774-6 80

Frequency and phase drift correction of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data by spectral registration in the time domain

The results indicated that the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency in this cohort was 23.2%, with 72.4% of participants exhibiting dietary zinc intake levels below the estimated average requirement (EAR)

This should be avoided in pregnancy and people with kidney disease