VMAT1 is expressed in peripheral neuroendocrine cells (adrenal chromaffin cells, interneurons of sympathetic ganglia, and enterochromaffin cells that store serotonin in the GI tract)
How to interpret the labs Routine bloodwork does not confirm cellular NAD improvement
On one hand, oxidative stress is recognized to contribute to NAFLD progression, and glutathione is known to protect against NAFLD progression (Liu, Baker, Baker, & Zhu, 2015), although most of those studies have examined glutathione synthesis rather than glutathione redox
It creates a high risk of contamination that can lead to skewed data or failed experiments
That means even when urinary iodine levels are normal, if bromine is elevated, tissue iodine levels may actually be inadequate
Accordingly, combining vitamins D3 and K2 may help promote stronger bones, an important factor in the prevention of age-related physical decline