The secondary benefit is the elevation of IGF-1, which is the primary mediator of growth hormone's effects on muscles and bones
A 2025 systematic review in the International Journal of Dermatology documented liver function abnormalities in approximately half of IV-treated participants at high doses, which is why DermaVue restricts treatment to evidence-based clinical doses of 400 to 1200 mg with mandatory hepatic monitoring
Human (epithalamin): A 6-year follow-up of elderly patients treated with epithalamin showed 1.6-1.8-fold reduction in mortality, and a 15-year observation with combined pineal and thymus peptides showed 2.5-fold reduction (Khavinson & Morozov, 2003)
GHK-Cu A peptide-metal complex of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine and copper ions that is examined in scientific contexts involving peptide-metal coordination and signaling pathways
Bioinformatics 31 , 166169 (2015)
Development of nanoparticles for antimicrobial drug delivery