Sandweiss AJ, Brandt VL, Zoghbi HY
The presence of lysine, proline or valine in both contexts does not make the peptides equivalent
This is attributed to its ability to stimulate the production of growth factors, promote angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), and elevate the levels of other proteins that support tissue regeneration
When GHK binds with a copper ion (Cu2+), it forms the copper peptide GHK-Cu, the bioactive complex responsible for its profound regenerative effects
Plays a pivotal role in red blood cell formation, energy metabolism, neurological function, and DNA synthesis
Nasal delivery avoids injection site risks (infection, bruising, irritation) but introduces nasal mucosal irritation and formulation stability concerns