However, an argument for causal relationship might be inferred from studies demonstrating that chronic bronchitis, which is a common feature of COPD [126], is associated with increased VIP innervation to the mucus glands [127]
Therefore, total serum B12 may be high, but active B12 (holotranscobalamin) may be normal
Protection from light exposure maintains molecular integrity and reduces degradation risk throughout storage duration
Women who follow vegan or vegetarian diets, have digestive issues (like Crohns or celiac disease), or have had weight-loss surgery may struggle to absorb enough B12 from food
Only a physician or other appropriately licensed professional, as a learned intermediary, can determine if a formula, product or service is appropriate for a patient
The issue emerges when that internal process deteriorates