MacFie J, Reddy BS, Gatt M, et al
European Journal of Pharmacology , 835, 121-139
These factors include a weak or defective sphincter, transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation (TLESR), hiatal hernia, poor acid clearance from the esophagus, impaired esophageal peristalsis, diminished salivary flow, decreased mucosal resistance to injury, increased Scleroderma and CREST syndrome Delayed gastric emptying Damaging factors Increased gastric acid production Bile and pancreatic juice Resistance factors Reduced production of saliva and bicarbonate Diminished mucosal blood flow Growth factors, protective mucus Portions of this chapter were adapted from Szarka LA, DeVault KR, Murray JA
Crohns causes swelling and thickening when it affects bowel tissues, which may block the bowel passage
Three-month evaluation of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the modified MacNab criteria were assessed
If the peptide does not dissolve readily with gentle swirling, brief sonication may be employed cautiously