Our findings are in line with other observations suggesting that the ligature induced experimental periodontitis is a useful and highly reproducible model for gingival/periodontal inflammation (41, 42)
Science 273 , 5963 (1996)
The primary solvents, PG and VG, act as carriers for nicotine and flavorings, but when exposed to high temperatures, they decompose into reactive carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde and acrolein, both of which are highly cytotoxic to hepatocytes [120, 121]
Canbay A, Feldstein AE, Higuchi H, Werneburg N, Grambihler A, Bronk SF, Gores GJ (2003) Kupffer cell engulfment of apoptotic bodies stimulates death ligand and cytokine expression
10.1007/s10753-013-9770-4 211 ZouQ
Cell proliferation was assessed by counting Ki67-labeled cells with respect to at least 700 total cells for each condition and the result was expressed as a percentage of the control, which was set as 100