The mechanisms most relevant to knee pain: VEGF upregulation stimulates new blood vessel formation in cartilage and connective tissue, areas that are notoriously slow to heal due to limited blood supply Nitric oxide modulation regulates inflammation and promotes vasodilation, improving blood flow to damaged tissue Collagen synthesis accelerates organized collagen deposition at repair sites instead of disorganized scar tissue Tendon-to-bone healing particularly relevant at the patella tendon and other knee attachment points Animal studies across rat, rabbit, and canine models showed consistent findings across these pathways
Schmidt MW, Baldridge KK, Boatz JA, Elbert ST, Gordon MS, Jensen JH, Koseki S, Matsunaga N, Nguyen KA, Su SJ, Windus TL, Dupuis M, Montgomery JA (1993) General atomic and molecular electronic structure system
Exposure to inflammatory mediators such as TNF- and PDGF, increased ChoK expression and activity in FLS, suggesting activation of this pathway in the RA synovial environment
Marconi C, Sassi G, Carpinelli A, Cerretelli P
FASEB J 1992 Dec
In fact, this progression is exactly what we recommend for many clients
