In TRD, the effectiveness of ketamine does not decline with repeated treatment, although effectiveness varies in clinical practice [72, 73], and there is insufficient evidence on its long-term efficacy and tolerability [66]
10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.032 86 LiL.ChenJ.LinL.PanG.ZhangS.ChenH.et al (2020)
Under a physicians supervision, these treatments are customized to align with each individuals health profiles, maximizing safety and efficacy
FIGURE 2 This oxidative stress environment can activate immune signalling pathways promoting neuroinflammation through mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy, as observed in recent studies on ASD brains (Pinto Payares et al., 2024)
Mason LH, Harp JP, Han DY (2014) Pb neurotoxicity: neuropsychological effects of lead toxicity
Radiation and smoking effects on lung Cancer incidence by histological types among atomic bomb survivors