Documented mechanisms of action Preclinical studies (mostly Russian, to be reproduced in international protocols) report several mechanistic targets: BDNF increase (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, measured by ELISA and Western blot 24-72 h post-administration Monoaminergic system modulation : cortical dopamine increase, serotonergic modulation Activation of the melanocortin pathway via MC4R receptors (residue shared with ACTH) Anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effect in cerebral ischaemia models (MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion) Experimental paradigms The most reported rodent models are the Morris water maze (spatial memory), novel object recognition (recognition memory), passive avoidance (aversive learning)
Monthly PRP or growth factor treatments
Several carotenoids have been examined for protection against acetaminophen overdose in rat models
One of the best methods to accomplish this goal is to utilize the EBO2 protocol
Mosconi L, Murray J, Davies M, Williams S, Pirraglia E, Spector N, et al
Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency are inconsistent and many people are unable to access treatment
