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Spaggiari et al

Metabolic remodeling of malignant gliomas for enhanced sensitization during radiotherapy: an in vitro study

Polarized expression of drug transporters and its physiological significance

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Development and validation of QuEChERS method for pesticide residues in food matrices

Oxidized (GSSG) - The Form That Determines Everything Glutathione exists in two interconvertible forms, but only one is biologically active: Reduced Glutathione (GSH) - The Active Form: Chemical structure: -L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine with free thiol (-SH) group CAS number: 70-18-8 Molecular formula: CHNOS Molecular weight: 307.32 g/mol Biological activity: Acts as electron donor (antioxidant), cofactor for glutathione peroxidase Stability: Prone to oxidation (converts to GSSG in presence of oxygen, light, moisture) Price: $180-320/kg (fermentation-derived, pharmaceutical grade) Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) - The Inactive Form: Chemical structure: Two GSH molecules linked by disulfide bond (no free thiol) CAS number: 27025-41-8 Molecular formula: CHNOS Molecular weight: 612.63 g/mol Biological activity: Must be reduced back to GSH by glutathione reductase (requires NADPH) Stability: More stable than GSH (doesn't oxidize further) Price: $120-180/kg (often sold deceptively as "glutathione") The deceptive practice: Many suppliers sell GSSG (or GSH that has oxidized to GSSG during storage) as "glutathione" without specifying the form