In the meantime, studies have confirmed that there is a bidirectional regulatory interaction between -Syn and mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to structural alterations and functional defects in mitochondria (Li H
However, validation of these markers against the gold standard, i.e., Ussing chambers, is still lacking
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Preferred methods are fecal analysis for Giardia antigen, nucleic acid assay, or duodenal aspirate and biopsy (to confirm presence of organisms or lack of plasma cells)
Injectable is necessary when you need systemic distribution
Its derived from the naturally occurring peptide in the bodys gastric juice