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doi: 10.1136/tc.6.1.33

However, the mental and emotional effects of nicotine withdrawal, including anxiety and mood changes, can persist for several months and may require medical support, especially for those with pre-existing mental health conditions

Epinephrine and norepinephrine can cause the smooth muscles in certain blood vessels to contract, narrowing the opening and reducing the space through which blood can flow

So, theoretically, the problem could originate from either of those directions

It can be tough to break the habit Signs of nicotine addiction, according to the Mayo Clinic, include an inability to quit smoking, even when faced with health problems, as well as withdrawal symptoms such as cravings, depression, anxiety, irritability, and even physical symptoms such as constipation and diarrhea

PMCID: PMC6918581