Thus, ENDS appear to offset, reduce, or replace cigarette consumption to some degree (collectively referred to here with the umbrella term general substitution effect)
1 2 "US patent 5,404,872, Splash-guard for snorkel tubes " (PDF)
Buying cigarettes in Pennsylvania is out of the question

No, thank you kindly, we dont need a hand-out We pay our own way, its the life that we choose Chorus When theres work in your county, you make us feel welcome You treat us like neighbours, when theres money to spend But when the works over, you close down the campground Your sheriff comes out, and were vagrants again Chorus And now in my mirror, your red light is flashing Pull over, get down, in a voice hard as stone The questions and searches, the cold ugly laughter The fines that will take all the money we own Chorus Down on the beach, the wide surf is pounding Behind us the redwoods play catch with the stars Circled together our friends of the highway In campers and vans, old buses and cars Around the big fire theres good food and music Til the long evening fades with a slow fiddle tune In silence we linger, the bad times forgotten And babys asleep neath our big silver moon Chorus On Strike Music Seashore Mountain Lady Words & Music by Kate Wolf Down beside the ocean, the doorways face the sea Looking out across the water on eternity Down from the mountains, like the rolling tides Comes the seashore mountain lady with the haunted eyes Can you tell me just how you came to be Living in the mountains by the rolling sea

Its essentially a whole leaf tobacco product, cured and darkened, but kept in its natural, unprocessed state
The distribution of responses in the cohort studies was as follows: two studies received eight yes responses, which allowed them to be classified as having a low risk of bias [12, 49]