Light smokers often find themselves at a crossroadsthey dont smoke enough to consider themselves addicted, but they still reach for cigarettes, even if just on the weekends or at parties
Studies have identified genetic variants associated with both nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence, suggesting a shared genetic susceptibility which increases the likelihood of drinking and smoking heavily
Importantly, we are not influenced or owned by any pharmaceutical, medical, or media companies
Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024532771)
Nicotine is acutely toxic and can endanger the users safety, notably if the product comes into contact with the skin or is ingested
A meta-analysis of fear appeals: implications for effective public health campaigns