Nine times out of ten, the issue is the connection, the voltage, or the cartridge, not the battery itself
And now, vaping is believed to be tied to permanent lung damage and disease
10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.009 97
Mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hull was the highest in the region, and the joint fourth highest across upper-tier local authorities in England for deaths registered during 2022-24 (Manchester with 99.5 deaths per 100,000 population had the highest rate)
But they are not getting a fraction of the highly motivating exposures that were a big part of our earlier rapid declines
Generally speaking, under ideal storage conditions, the shelf life of e-liquid is about 1-2 years