Last updated on May 15, 2025 Smoking is a widespread habit with well-documented health risks, from cardiovascular disease to reduced lung function
9 Definitions Key definitions related to tobacco use are reported in the Box
Alcohol-related yellowing of the eyes can be reversed if a person takes appropriate action before their liver damage progresses to an untreatable level
What the damage actually looks like Heres what an X-ray of a normal, healthy lung looks like (left) and one of a lung damaged by smoking (right)
The best choice is to quit tobacco and nicotine use altogether.
Participants will undergo a urinary cotinine test (to detect any nicotine use), an exhaled CO test, and complete self-administered questionnaires (DASS 21, FTND, AUDIT, SF-36, QSU-brief, PHQ-9, MNWS, mCEQ, and concomitant medication record)