Publishers Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
Subscriber Exclusive This article is older than 30 days and is available exclusively to our subscribers
The key difference: smokings catastrophic effects on lungs are proven and well-documented after decades of research
M E Levine, J A Suarez, S Brandhorst, P Balasubramanian, C W Cheng, F Madia, L Fontana, M G Mirisola, J Guevara-Aguirre, J Wan, G Passarino, B K Kennedy, M Wei, P Cohen, E M Crimmins, V D Longo.Low protein intake is associated with a major reduction in IGF-1, cancer, and overall mortality in the 65 and younger but not older population
The icing on the cake is excellent performance
It was all up to the smoker