Additional work is needed to characterize the pathophysiology and to identify the definitive causes. Clinical Take-Home Points: The clinical presentation of EVALI based on this case series typically occurs in young males with subjective fever, dyspnea, cough, abdominal pain, and diarrhea which overlaps with many respiratory illnesses (including the recent COVID outbreak) and remains a diagnosis of exclusion
Stimulant effects can lead to an increased risk of heart disease, while depressant effects can create a cycle of dependence
This process does not involve combustion and therefore does not produce tar and other combustion byproducts [37]
49 In addition, for practical reasons the RYO inserts were not professionally designed or pre-tested with the target population, 48 which may have influenced participants responses, and participants were only shown RYO inserts about harm
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