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[21] There is "only limited evidence showing adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects in humans", with the authors of a 2020 review calling for more long-term studies on the subject

www.cancer.org

10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.040 135

Abstract Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) smoke up to three times more than general people

Some confounding factors that were not controlled for, such as antipsychotic types, disease duration and demographic characteristics of patients could explain the discrepancy in a variety of studies

Nonsmokers who have high blood pressure or high blood cholesterol have an even greater risk of developing heart diseases when theyre exposed to secondhand smoke