They do, however, contain other new components, like aldehydes, heavy metals and silicates which are toxic to humans, and are likely to cause lung damage in the long term. The reference AVI shared ( was written by authors who disclose funding from e-cigarette companies, and claims that it is safer than smoking
Changes in levels of biomarkers of exposure observed in a controlled study of smokers switched from conventional to reduced toxicant prototype cigarettes (vol 66, pg 147, 2013) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
Doval is fluent in Urdu, the main language used in Pakistan
Egyptian Cigarette Brand Cleopatra Was Illegally Produced in Montenegro for Six Years Cleopatra cigarettes were originally created as the local version of American Kent cigarettes
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 181(2):167176
She also enjoys travel, especially family adventures and beach trips.