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If you're looking to give up smoking, the NHS currently advises new parents to use nicotine replacement patches or gums (NRT), rather than vapes

The conditioned craving is location- and moment-specific

With significantly cheaper tobacco alternatives, ENDS usage also depends on affordability, further highlighting the need for investments in research on vaping behaviour, addiction patterns, and socio-economic drivers to inform policy

So don't fret if at first you don't succeed

Mr Hill said success would mean fewer shopfronts linked to illicit networks, an end to firebombings, fewer violent incidents and rising prices for illegal vape and cigarette products

Human cervical tissue metabolizes the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, via -hydroxylation and carbonyl reduction pathways