Read these publications from Philip Morris International (PMI) scientists about biomarkers of exposure for nicotine and other chemicals: Assessment of the reduction in levels of exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents in Japanese subjects using a novel tobacco heating system compared with conventional cigarettes and smoking abstinence: A randomized controlled study in confinement Effects of Switching to the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 Menthol, Smoking Abstinence, or Continued Cigarette Smoking on Biomarkers of Exposure: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label, Multicenter Study in Sequential Confinement and Ambulatory Settings (Part 1) Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies observe the levels of nicotine in the blood over time, along with its metabolization and elimination from the body
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In recent years, there has been a surge of adolescents vaping