This underground market operates entirely outside any regulatory framework, meaning products are untested, quality control is non-existent, and ingredients are unknown
The Conversation enior researcher in health behaviours, and ostdoctoral research fellow, both at the University of Oxford
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This was the year of vaping, according to Oxford Dictionaries, which has chosen vape the act of inhaling from an electronic cigarette as its word of 2014 after use of the term more than doubled over the last year
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in particular, smokers took shorter puffs compared to vapers and puff duration was independently associated with the elevation of plasma nicotine levels after 65 minutes of use