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Finally, an imbalance in GSSG:GSH ratio induced ER stress and dependency on the ER-associated degradation pathway, driven by a shift in protein disulfide isomerases towards their oxidized forms

The thioredoxin antioxidant system

doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.04.007 141 Moyron-QuirozJEPartida-SanchezSDonis-HernandezRSandoval-MontesCSantos-ArgumedoL

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Eur J Endocrinol 143: 639-647 Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, Hannon WH, Gunter EW, et al