The brain is constituted by a preponderance of microglia and astrocytes, these glial cells are essential in the Central Nervous System (CNS), with microglia functioning as innate immune cells involved in surveillance and defense, while astrocytes modulate neuronal communication, maintain the extracellular environment, and regulate inflammatory signaling (Garland et al., 2022) Both brain cells are able to produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (Schwarz and Bilbo, 2012)
Pain during or after injection Some discomfort is normal, but injection should not be significantly painful
Alterations in barrier functions were instead observed by the authors later in the infection (Endres et al., 2022)
Gastric emptying was measured by the percent of total recovered radioactivity remaining in the stomach 15 minutes after intragastric gavage of 1.5 mL of 99mTc(technicium-99m) sulfur colloid in 0.5% methylcellulose
Clinical uses Aphthous ulcers Aphthous (mouth) ulcers are common lesions in the oral mucosa, affecting up to 50% of the general population
Pharmacogenomics J 2002
